Rheumatic fever is a disease usually follows streptococcal infection of throat. Rheumatic fever may affect and damage heart valves leading to a great morbidity and mortality. Rheumatic fever and its complications can be prevented by effective treatment. It is observed that rheumatic is one of the main cause of heart patients admitted in the Medical Colleges and National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases are due to Rheumatic Heart Diseases. 80% of the heart valve operation performed in National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases were of rheumatic Origin. Experience from the implemented Pilot Project for Control & Prevention of Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Diseases in Bangladesh showed 20% of the children suffer from streptococcal sore throat, 4/1000 children suffer from Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Diseases and 7.5/1000 including adults. Rheumatic fever affects young population of poor socioeconomic group living in over crowed and unhygienic conditions. It is a preventable disease and in developed countries already prevention had been accomplished.